Среди политических заговорщиков Пушкина теперь привлекают «молодые»: Рылеев и Бестужев, среди поэтов – сверстники: Дельвиг, Баратынский, Языков.

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Новое осмысление получила и тема скуки. Весной 1825 г. П писал Рылееву: «Скука есть одна из принадлежностей мыслящего существа» ( XIII, 176 ). В

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понять жизнь – это выучить ее темный язык

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воспринималось именно как искусство (как нечто «сделанное» – модель), присуще многим исторически ранним художественным методам

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Посвятив беседы русскому быту и культуре XVIII – начала XIX столетия, мы прежде всего должны определить значение понятий «быт», «культура», «русская культура XVIII – начала XIX столетия» и их отношения между собой. При этом оговоримся, что понятие «культура», принадлежащее к наиболее фундаментальным в цикле наук о человеке, само может стать предметом отдельной монографии и неоднократно им становилось. Было бы странно, если бы мы в предлагаемой книге задались целью решать спорные вопросы, связанные с этим понятием. Оно очень емкое: включает в себя и нравственность, и весь круг идей, и творчество человека, и многое другое. Для нас будет вполне достаточно ограничиться той стороной понятия «культура», которая необходима для освещения нашей, сравнительно узкой темы. Культура, прежде всего, – понятие коллективное. Отдельный человек может быть носителем культуры, может активно участвовать в ее развитии, тем не менее по своей природе культура, как и язык, – явление общественное, то есть социальное 1 . Следовательно, культура есть нечто общее для какого-либо коллектива – группы людей, живущих одновременно и связанных определенной социальной организацией. Из

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Юрий Лотман